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Fisika Inti dan Radioaktivitas257257•menganalisis karakteristik inti atom dan radioaktivitas;•mendeskripsikan pemanfaatan radiokativitas dalam kehidupan sehari-haridan teknologi untuk kesejahteraan manusia.Setelah mempelajari bab ini, Anda harus mampu:menunjukkan penerapan konsep Fisika inti dan radioaktivitas dalam teknologi dankehidupan sehari-hari.Hasil yang harus Anda capai:Fisika Inti danRadioaktivitasA. Inti AtomB. RadioaktivitasC. Reaksi IntiD. Reaktor Nuklir, BomNuklir, danRadioisotop&?IJH?AC;HKF7A7DI;IK7JKN7D=I7D=7JF;DJ?D=:7B7CA;>?:KF7DCE:;HDI;A7H7D=?D? "7CF?HI;BKHK>7AJ?L?J7IC7DKI?7C;C8KJK>A7D;D;H=?B?IJH?A &?IJH?A:?FHE:KAI?:7H?F;C87D=A?JF;C87D=A?JJ;D7=7B?IJH?A ?#D:ED;I?7F;C87D=A?JB?IJH?A87DN7AN7D=8;H87>7D87A7HIEB7HM7B7KFKD7:7I;87=?7DA;9?BN7D=C;C7D<77JA7D7?HI;87=7?F;D==;H7AJKH8?D *;HC7I7B7>7DN7D=J?C8KB7:7B7>IEB7HJ;HC7IKAIKC8;H:7N77B7CN7D=J?:7A:7F7J:?F;H87>7HK?I;>?D==7IK7JKI77JF7IJ?7A7D>78?I $?A7>7B?D?J;H@7:?D;=7H7A?J77A7D8;H7:7:7B7CAH?I?I;D;H=? -7B7>I7JKIEBKI?N7D=:?J7M7HA7D7:7B7>C;C87D=KD*&.(*;C87D=A?J&?IJH?A.;D7=7(KAB?H F7A7>D:7J7>K87=7?C7D797H7DN7KH7D?KC7J7KFBKJED?KC:?K87>C;D@7:?;D;H=?B?IJH?A%;D:7B7N7D=:?>7:7F?7:7B7>C7I?>87DN7AF?>7AN7D=C;D;DJ7D=A;8;H7:77D*&.( F7A7>D:7J7>K7B7I7DC;H;A7*7:7878?D?D:77A7DC;CF;B7@7H?J;DJ7D=?DJ?7JEC8;H?AKJH;7AI?H;7AI?N7D=J;H@7:?:?:7B7CDN7:7CF7AFEI?J?<:7D:7CF7AD;=7J?<F;D=;C87D=7D;D;H=?DKAB?H Pembangunan PLTN merupakan salah satu solusi timbulnya krisis energi yangsuatu saat akan dialami penduduk Bumi.Bab10Sumber:Energy: Technology and Development,1995
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PD;KJHEDContoh 10.1Eksperimen Rutherford menyatakanbahwa inti atom memiliki diametersekitar 10–15 sampai 10–14 m. Dariteori kinetik dan khususnya analisisEinstein tentang gerak Browman,diameter atom memiliki ukuransekitar 10–10 m. Itu artinya elektronakan terlihat berjarak sekitar 10.000sampai 100.000 kali lipat ukuran intidiukur dari inti atom tersebut (jikainti diibaratkan bola baseball, atomakan memiliki diameter seukurankota yang berdiameter beberapakilometer). Jadi, sebuah atomsebagian besar berupa ruangkosong.Rutherford’s experiments suggestedthat the nucleus must have a radiusof about 10–5 to 10–14 m. From kinetictheory, and especially Einstein’sanalysis of Browman movement, theradius of atoms was estimated to beabout 10–10 m. Thus the electronswould seem to be at a distance fromthe nucleus of about 10,000 to 100,000times the radius of the nucleus itself(if the nucleus were the size of abaseball, the atom would have thediameter of a big city severalkilometers across). So an atom wouldbe mostly empty space.Informasiuntuk AndaInformation for You
Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII260*7:7I;8K7>7JECD;JH7B@KCB7>;B;AJHED;B;AJHEDN7D=C;D=EH8?J:?I;A;B?B?D=?DJ?7JECI7C7:;D=7D@KCB7>DECEHC7II7 )B;>A7H;D7?JKCK7J7DF7:7;B;AJHEDI7C7J;J7F?8;HB7M7D7DJ7D:7:;D=7DCK7J7DI;8K7>FHEJED -?<7JI?<7JKJ7C7IK7JK7JEC:?J;DJKA7DEB;>@KCB7>;B;AJHEDDN7 $7:?C;D;DJKA7D@;D?I7JECDN7 #D:;AIN7D=:?87=?7D87M7>A7:7D=A7:7D=J?:7A:?JKB?II;>?D==7?DJ?:?JKB?I ( (KAB?:7 :7F7J :?AB7I?<?A7I?A7D 8;H:7I7HA7D A;IJ78?B7D :7DA;F7:7J7DDN7:?7B7CI;HJ78;H:7I7HA7DA;I7C77D:7D ;H:7I7HA7DA;IJ78?B7DDN7DKAB?:7J;H87=?C;D@7:?DKAB?:7IJ78?B:7DH7:?EDKAB?:7 7 (KAB?:7IJ78?BN7?JKDKAB?:7N7D=C;C?B?A?:7DJ;J7F9EDJE> 8 ,7:?EDKAB?:7N7?JKDKAB?:7N7D=C;C?B?A?:7DN7D=:7F7J8;HK87> (KAB?:7?D?J?:7AIJ78?B:7DI;97H7IFEDJ7DC;BKHK>C;D@7:?DKAB?:7B7?D ,7:?EDKAB?:7J;H:?H?7J7IH7:?EDKAB?:77JECFH?C;HH7:?EDKAB?:77JECI;AKD:;HH7:?EDKAB?:77JECJ;HI?;H:7DH7:?EDKAB?H ;H:7I7HA7D@KCB7>:7DDKAB?:7:7F7J:?=EBED=A7DC;D@7:??IEJEF?IEJED?IE87H:7D?IEC;H 7 #IEJEFN7?JK@KCB7>DKAB?:7DKAB?:7N7D=C;C?B?A?I7C7J;J7F?8;H8;:79EDJE>DN7 8 #IEJEDN7?JKDKAB?:7N7D=C;C?B?A?@KCB7>D;KJHEDI7C7J;J7F?DECEHC7II78;H8;:79EDJE>DN7 (9 #IE87HN7?JKDKAB?:7DKAB?:7N7D=C;C?B?A?I7C7J;J7F?8;H8;:7 (KAB?:7?D?KCKCDN7C;HKF7A7DDKAB?:7DKAB?:79;HC?D : #IEC;H?DJ?N7?JKDKAB?:7N7D=C;C?B?A?:7DI7C7I;HJ7I?<7JA?C?7N7D=I7C7J;J7F?J?D=A7J;D;H=?DN78;H8;:7 EDJE>
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Fisika Inti dan Radioaktivitas2657A7D8;HAKH7D=
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Contoh 10.34.Peluruhan Radioaktif (Desintegrasi)*;BKHK>7DJ;H@7:?I;97H7IFEDJ7D:7DJ?:7A:7F7J:?AEDJHEBI;HJ7:?F;D=7HK>?EB;>F;HI;DN7M77DA?C?7:7D<?I?A7I;F;HJ?F;D=7HK>IK>K:7DJ;A7D7D 7H?>7I?BF;D;B?J?7D:?F;HEB;>87>M7A;C7CFK7DIK7JKKDIKHKDJKAC;BKHK>8;H8;:78;:7 :7KDIKHN7D=:7B7CM7AJKI?D=A7JI;CK7?DJ?DN7C;BKHK>:7D7:7FKB7N7D=C;BKHK>:;D=7DB7C87J EDJE>DN7I;@KCB7>8;I7H?DJ?7JEC:7H?IK7JKH7:?E?IEJEFN7D=C;BKHK>C;C7D97HA7DF7HJ?A;BF7HJ?A;B:7DI;HJ7:??AKJ?F;C7D97H7DGambar 10.9Pelemahan intensitas oleh bahandengan ketebalan X.XTo k o hMarie Curie(1867–1934)Marie Curie dilahirkan di Warsawa,Polandia. Nama aslinya adalah MarieSklodowska. Ia belajar Matematika,Fisika, dan Kimia di Paris. Mariebersuamikan Pierre Curie seorang ahlifisika juga. Mereka bekerja sama dalammeneliti radiasi yang dihasilkan olehbahan radioaktif dan mereka berhasilmenemukan unsur thorium yangbersifat radioaktif. Pada 1898, merekamenemukan dua unsur radioaktif baru,yaitu polonium dan radium. Untukkeberhasilan ini, Marie dan Pierre Curieserta Henri Becquerel mendapathadiah Nobel untuk bidang Fisika pada1903. Pada 1910, Marie berhasilmemisahkan radium murni danmempelajari sifat-sifat kimianya. Untukhasil kerja kerasnya ini, Marie kembalimendapatkan hadiah Nobel yang keduadalam bidang kimia pada 1911. Mariemeninggal tahun 1934 akibat kanker,yang mungkin disebabkan ia terlalulama berinteraksi dengan bahan-bahan radioaktif.Sumber:Science Encyclopedia, 1998
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Fisika Inti dan Radioaktivitas269F;BKHK>7D8;J7F;D7D=A7F7D;B;AJHEDEB;>D;KJHEDDKAB?HF;D7D=A7F7D;B;AJHEDF;D7D=A7F7D;B;AJHEDEB;>FHEJEDDKAB?HF;D7D=A7F7D;B;AJHEDF;D7D=A7F7DFEI?JHEDEB;>FHEJEDDKAB?HFHEJEDCK7J7D ;B;AJHEDCK7J7DP D;KJHEDCK7J7D ;B;AJHEDCK7J7D Gambar 10.12Lima jenis peluruhan radioaktif = + + =+ =AJ?L?J7II;8K7>IKC8;HH7:?E7AJ?<8;HAKH7D=87=?7D:7H?7AJ?L?J7I7M7BDN7:7B7CI;B7D=M7AJK @7C .;DJKA7DM7AJKF7HK>:7DJ;J7F7DF;BKHK>7DDN7 '='( ?A;J7>K?* @7C/DJKAC;D;DJKA7DM7AJKF7HK>:7F7J:?=KD7A7DF;HI7C77D
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*8N7D=IJ78?B )B;>A7H;D7:?CKB7?:7H?KH7D?KC:;H;J?D?:?I;8KJ:;H;JKH7D?KC Sumber:Konsep Fisika Modern, 1983
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"; () "*;H>7J?A7D87>M7@KCB7>DECEH7JEC:7D@KCB7>DECEHC7II7HK7IA?H?I7C7:;D=7D@KCB7>DECEH7JEC:7DDECEHC7II7HK7IA7D7D $KCB7>DECEH7JECI;8;BKCH;7AI?
$KCB7>DECEH7JECI;IK:7>H;7AI? $KCB7>DECEHC7II7I;8;BKCH;7AI? $KCB7>DECEHC7II7I;IK:7>H;7AI? Sumber:Physics for Scientist and Engineers, 2000
Fisika Inti dan Radioaktivitas273Pada setiap reaksi inti selalu berlaku hukum kekekalan berikut ini. "KAKC%;A;A7B7D'EC;DJKCN7?JK@KCB7>CEC;DJKCI;8;BKC:7DI;IK:7>JKC8KA7D7:7B7>I7C7
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';0Kata Kunci• energi reaksi inti• reaksi eksotermik• reaksi endotermik• reaksi berantai• reaksi fisi• reaksi fusiTo k o hEnrico Fermi(1901–1954)Fermi adalah seorang fisikawankelahiran Itali. Setelah tahun 1939, iapergi ke Amerika Serikat untukbekerja dan hidup disana. Ia dikenalkarena menggunakan neutron untukmenembak atom yang dapatmenghasilkan isotop. Enrico Fermimendapat hadiah Nobel pada 1938.Pada 2 Desember 1942, reaksi rantainuklir pertama dihasilkan olehsebuah tim ilmuwan yangdipimpinnya. Percobaan yang suksesini bertempat di lapangan SquashUniversitas Chicago, Amerika Serikat.Reaksi rantai bekerja menyerupaipenyalaan korek api. Panas yangdihasilkan oleh gesekan pada waktumematik korek api menyebabkansebagian atom terbakar danmelepaskan lebih banyak panassehingga menyebabkan reaksi terus-menerus berlangsung.Sumber:Science Encyclopedia, 1998
Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII2742.Pembuatan Isotop Radioaktif dari Reaksi Inti,7:?E7AJ?<:7F7J:?FHE:KAI?C;B7BK?IK7JKH;7AI??DJ?FHEI;IF;C8;DJKA7D?IEJEF87HKN7D=H7:?E7AJ?<?JK:?B7AKA7D:;D=7DF;D;C87A7D?IEJEFN7D=IJ78?B:;D=7DIK7JKF7HJ?A;B -;87=7?9EDJE>?IEJEFH7:?E7AJ?< K:?F;HEB;>:7H?F;D;C87A7D?IEJEFIJ78?B KEB;>D;KJHED:;D=7DH;7AI? D KK3.Reaksi Berantai*;D;C87A7DD;KJHEDF7:7KH7D?KC
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IC78;H7HJ? QB;8?>8;I7H:7H?F7:7C7II7N7D=>?B7D=F7:7I;CK7@;D?IH;7AI?F;BKHK>7DDN7I;87=7?9EDJE><?I?
/:;D=7DD;KJHEDB7C87JC;D=>7I?BA7D?DJ?'E:7D &7 '7II7N7D=>?B7D=:7D;D;H=?N7D=:?>7I?BA7D:?>?JKD=I;87=7?8;H?AKJ Uninti bulatanGambar 10.19Diagram reaksi berantaiGambar 10.20Pada reaksi pembelahan inti,jumlah neutron bertambahpada setiap tingkatan.inti U-235reaksi fisi U-235memunculkan2 neutronneutronpertamareaksi fisi keduamenghasilkan 4 neutronSumber:Physics for ‘O’ Level,1990
Fisika Inti dan Radioaktivitas275
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Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII276Contoh 10.9"?JKD=B7>;D;H=?:7B7C';0N7D=:?8;87IA7DEB;>F;D==78KD=7D:K7FHEJED:7D:K7D;KJHEDKDJKAC;C8;DJKAI;8K7>?DJ?>;B?KC ?A;J7>K?C7II7"
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S E696 9>.C>K:GH>I6H =>86<DB:G>@6,:G>@6I,6BE6>H66I>C>I:A6=9>76C<JC7:G76<6>?:C>H96CJ@JG6CG:6@IDGCJ@A>G+:6@IDGG:6@IDGCJ@A>GI:GH:7JIB:B>A>@>7:7:G6E6@DBEDC:C96H6G9>6CI6G6CN6:A:B:C:A:B:C76=6C76@6G76I6C<@:C96A>BD9:G6IDG96CE:G>H6>' " A:B:CGambar 10.24Perancangan dasar reaktor Nuklirair-tekan.Gambar 10.25Reaktor nuklir denganmoderator airsistem utamasistem keduabahan bakar danmoderatorpelindungkondensorpompauap airbatangpengendaliair panasturbin uapgeneratorInformasiuntuk AndaBeberapa jenis limbah reaktor nuklirbersifat radioaktif. Limbah ini meng-hasilkan radiasi nuklir mematikanyang merusak sel-sel hidup. Beberapajenis limbah radioaktif dapatbertahan ribuan tahun. Oleh karenaitu, limbah yang disimpan rapatdalam peti kemas tertutup harusdipendam di bawah tanah. Untukmenangani limbah nuklir makaorang harus menggunakan pakaianseperti terlihat pada gambar berikut.Some kind of the nuclear reactorwaste is radioactive material. Thiswaste produce deadly nuclearradiation that damage living cells.Some kind of radioactive waste canlast for thousand years. So, nuclearreactor waste placed in shielded boxmust be buried underground.Overcoming nuclear waste, peoplemust wear suit like you have seen thispicture.Information for YouSumber:Physics for Scientist and Engineers, 2000
Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII27876=6C76@6G96C76I6C<@:C96A>I:GA:I6@9>96A6BHJ6IJI:BE6IN6C<9>C6B6@6CI:G6HG:6@IDG$DBEDC:C@DBEDC:CI:GH:7JI9>IJC?J@@6CE696 + /
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Fisika Inti dan Radioaktivitas279E:B>C96=6CE6C6HBJIA6@9>E:GAJ@6CE696HJ6IJG:6@IDGCJ@A>G!6AI:GH:7JI7:GIJ?J6CB:B>C96=@6CE6C6HN6C<9>=6H>A@6CG:6@H>;>H>96G>BD9:G6IDGE:C9>C<>CEG>B:G@:E:C9>C<>CH:@JC9:G):B>C96=6CE6C6H>C>H6C<6IE:CI>C<@6G:C6E:C9>C<>CEG>B:G7>6H6CN6B:GJE6@6CHJ6IJG6C<@6>6CI:GIJIJE):C9>C<>C9>@:B76A>@6CA6<>@:G:6@IDGH:I:A6=E6C6HN6C<9>76L6CN696G>I:G6HG:6@IDG9>E>C96=@6C@:E:C9>C<>CH:@JC9:G:G96H6G@6C@:<JC66CCN6G:6@IDGCJ@A>G96E6I9>7:96@6CB:C?69>6 +:6@IDG 6N6+:6@IDG96N6696A6=G:6@IDGN6C<96E6IB:C<=6H>A@6CI:C6<6A>HIG>@+:6@IDG96N6E696JBJBCN6B:GJE6@6CG:6@IDG@DB:GH>6A&>H6ACN69>B6C;66I@6CJCIJ@)%-'):B76C<@>I%>HIG>@-:C6<6'J@A>G7 +:6@IDG)GD9J@H>"HDIDE+:6@IDGEGD9J@H>>HDIDE696A6=G:6@IDGN6C<B:C<=6H>A@6CG69>D>HDIDEN6C<76CN6@9><JC6@6C96A6B7>96C<@:9D@I:G6C>C9JHIG>7>DAD<>96C;6GB6H>8 +:6@IDG):C:A>I>6C+:6@IDGE:C:A>I>6C696A6=G:6@IDGN6C<9><JC6@6CJCIJ@E:C:A>I>6C9>7>96C<E:GI6C>6CE:I:GC6@6C>C9JHIG>@:9D@I:G6C96CH6>CH"C9DC:H>6B:B>A>@>I><6G:6@IDGE:C:A>I>6C96CEGD9J@H>>HDIDEN6C<7:G6969>6C9JC<2D<N6@6GI696C,:GEDC<+:6@IDGN6C<7:G6969>6C9JC<9>7:G>C6B6-G><6&6G@""& " " '& "
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6IB>G>C>9>J6E@6C96A6BI67JC<G:6@IDG96C9>6A>G@6CJCIJ@B:BJI6GIJG7>CH:=>C<<6To k o hOtto HannOtto Hahn lahir di Frankfurt, Jerman. Iamendapatkan gelar Ph.D dariUniversitas Marburg pada 1901. Hahnmempelajari beberapa unsur radioaktif,termasuk aktinium dan thorium. Pada1917, ia dan Lise Meitner berbagipenghargaan atas penemuan logamradioaktif yang diberi nama protak-tinium. Pada 1944, Hahn mendapatkanhadiah Nobel bidang kimia untukkeberhasilannya dalam penemuanpembelahan inti. Proses pembelahaninti itu disebut fisi nuklir. Para ilmuwandi Amerika Serikat menggunakan hasilpenemuan Hahn ini untuk membuatbom atom pada awal 1940-an. Sejak saatitu penggunaan fisi nuklir untuk tujuandamai pun dikembangkan.Sumber:Science Encyclopedia, 1998Gambar 10.27Bagan PLTN dengan sistem PWRSumber:Fundamental of Physics, 2001reaktor PWRgeneratorpembangkituappipa uapgeneratorkondensatorpompapompa
Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII2809>=6H>A@6C:C:G<>A>HIG>@.6EE6C6HN6C<B6HJ@@:GJ6C<IJG7>C>C>9>B6HJ@@6C@:96A6B@DC9:CH6IDGH:=>C<<67:GJ76=B:C?69>6>G@:BJ9>6C9>EDBE6@:B76A>B:B6HJ@>GJ6C<I:G6HG:6@IDG6<>6C)%-'9:C<6CH>HI:B0+9>IJC?J@@6CE696 + / 2.Bom NuklirC96E6HI>HJ96=H:G>C<B:C9:C<6G>HI>A6=7DB6IDB6I6J7DBCJ@A>GDBCJ@A>GB:GJE6@6C7DBN6C<B:C<<JC6@6C:C:G<>96G>I:C6<6CJ@A>GDBCJ@A>GI:G9>G>6I6H9J6B686BN6>IJ7DB;>H>CJ@A>G96C7DB;JH>CJ@A>GDB;>H>CJ@A>GB:B6C;66I@6C:C:G<>H6C<6I7:H6GN6C<9>A:E6H@6CH:HJ96=G:6@H>E:B7:A6=6C>CI>6=6C76@6GN6C<9><JC6@6C696A6=JG6C>JB.
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B:B7:A6=B:C?69>7:7:G6E6>CI>7:7:G6E6C:JIGDC96CH:?JBA6=:C:G<><6GG:6@H>E:B7:A6=6CCN6I>96@I:G@:C96A>76=6C76@6GI:GH:7JI=6GJH7:G69696A6BB6HH6@G>I>HN6>IJB6HH6B>C>BJBN6C<B:CN:767@6CG:6@H>I6@I:G@:C96A>#>@6B6HH676=6C76@6G9>76L6=B6HH6@G>I>H?JBA6=C:JIGDCN6C<7D8DGA:7>=76CN6@96G>C:JIGDCN6C<B:B7:A6=96EJC96A6BB6HH6@G>I>HG:6@H>E:B7:A6=6C96E6II:G?69>H:86G6H:G:CI6@GI>CN6L6@IJ?:966CI6GG:6@H>=6CN67:GDG9:B>@GD9:I>@6I6JB>A>9:I>@@>76IG:6@H>E:B7:A6=6CN6C<H:G:CI6@>C>:C:G<>N6C<9>A:E6H@6C96E6II:G6@JBJA6H>$:I>@6I:G?69>A:96@6CH:76<>6C7:H6G:C:G<>N6C<9>=6H>A@6C7:GJE6:C:G<>@>C:I>@,:A6>C>IJ9>=6H>A@6C?J<6G69>6H>E6C6H@>A6I6C86=6N696C:B>H>G69>D6@I>; 6@I6I:CI6C<96=HN6ICN6@:@J6I6C7DB;>H>CJ@A>G>C>I:GA>=6I?:A6H9>@DI6!>GDH>B696C'6<6H6@>#:E6C<3.Radioisotopa.Pembuatan Radioisotop # '#(#$ '#(#$ '#(#$," ( '( "HDIDEN6C<I>96@HI67>AH:A6AJB:B6C86G@6CH>C6GH>C6GG69>D6@I>;JCIJ@B:C?69>>HDIDE>HDIDEHI67>A)696JBJBCN6G69>D6@I>;N6C<9><JC6@6C96A6B7:G76<6>Gambar 10.28Bagan PLTN dengan sistem BWRTantanganuntuk AndaMengapa molekul dari uranium(U–235) lebih cepat bergerakdaripada molekul U–238 padasuhu yang sama?Tugas Anda 10.2Apakah Anda pernah mendengartragedi Chernobyl? Chernobylmerupakan pembangkit listriktenaga nuklir di Ukraina yangmengalami kebocoran. Carilahinformasi dari berbagai sumber,mengapa kebocoran ini bisa terjadi?Kata Kunci• reaktor nuklir• reaktor daya• reaktor produksi isotop• reaktor penelitian• sistem PWR• sistem BWRSumber:Conceptual Physics, 1998reaktorair mendidihuapturbingeneratorpemindahpanaspompakondensatortransformatorjaringan distribusitenaga listrik
Fisika Inti dan Radioaktivitas281@:E:GAJ6CI>96@I:GH:9>69>6A6B@6G:C6L6@IJE6GJ=96G>CJ@A>966@I>;HJ6IJG69>D6@I>;I>96@I:GA6AJA6B6(A:=@6G:C6>IJG69>D>HDIDEI:GH:7JI=6GJH9>7J6I96G>CJ@A>96HI67>A6A6B>6=9:C<6CG:6@H>>CI> 6G6N6C<76CN6@9>E6@6>696A6=9:C<6CB:C:B76@>CI>HI67>A9:C<6CE6GI>@:AC:JIGDC DCID=G69>D>HDIDE7J6I6C)JH6I):C:A>I6C-:C6<6'J@A>G))-'696A6= '6) G-896C"b.Penggunaan Radioisotop):C<<JC66CG69>D>HDIDE6CI6G6A6>CH:76<6>7:G>@JI * + '" ,%.#/1 ,' , >"C9DC:H>6696C-:C6<6'J@A>G'6H>DC6A-'H:76<6>A:B76<6E:C:A>I>6CI:A6=B:A6@J@6CE:C:A>I>6C96A6B7>96C<E:GI6C>6C9:C<6CI:@CDAD<>BJI6H>G69>6H>&JI6H>G69>6H>9><JC6@6CJCIJ@B:C96E6I@6CI6C6B6C9:C<6CK6G>:I6H76GJN6C<JC<<JA * + '" ,%',"201/' 6A6B7>96C<>C9JHIG>G69>D>HDIDE9><JC6@6CJCIJ@B:C<J@JG@:I:76A6CB6I:G>6AN6C<9>=6H>A@6CDA:=HJ6IJE67G>@&>H6ACN6G69>6H>H>C6G7:I69><JC6@6CJCIJ@B:C<6IJG@:I:76A6C@:GI6H9>E67G>@@:GI6H96CH>C6G<6BB69><JC6@6CJCIJ@B:C<6IJG@:I:76A6C76?6 >"C9DC:H>6G69>D>HDIDEI:A6=9><JC6@6C96A6BI:@C>@EDA>B:G>H6H>G69>6H>&>H6ACN696A6BKJA@6C>H6H>A6I:@H6A6B96CE:A6E>H6CE:GBJ@66C@6NJ * + '" ,%&'"/-*-%' 6A6B7>96C<=>9GDAD<>G69>D>HDIDE9><JC6@6CJCIJ@B:C<J@JGA6?J6A>G6C6I6J9:7>I6A>G6C;AJ>9696A6BE>E6H6AJG6CI:G7J@6HJC<6>H:GI66>G96A6BI6C6=+69>D>HDIDE96E6I?J<69><JC6@6CJCIJ@B:C9:I:@H>@:7D8DG6CE>E6E:CN6AJGN6C<9>I6C6B9>96A6BI6C6= * + '" ,%)#"-)1#/ , 676C< >ABJ @:9D@I:G6C N6C< B:B6C;66I@6C <:ADB76C<:A:@IGDB6<C:I>@E:C9:@H:E:GI>H>C6G9>H:7JIG69>DAD<>+69>DAD<>9>B6C;66I@6CJCIJ@B:CJC?6C<9>6<CDH>HE:CN6@>I 6A6B9JC>6@:9D@I:G6CCJ@A>GEG>CH>EG69>DAD<>9>B6C;66I@6C9:C<6CB:B6@6>>HDIDEG69>D6@I>;N6C<9>HJCI>@@6C@:96A6BIJ7J=$:BJ9>6C>HDIDEI:GH:7JI9>I6C<@6EDA:=9:I:@IDG9>AJ6GIJ7J=H:=>C<<69>E:GDA:=<6B76G6CN6C<B:CJC?J@@6C9>HIG>7JH>CN69>96A6BIJ7J=,:76<6>8DCID=JCIJ@B:C<:I6=J>A:I6@E:CN:BE>I6CE:B7JAJ=96G6=E696E:C9:G>I6E:CN6@>IE:CN:BE>I6CE:B7JAJ=96G6=9><JC6@6CG69>D>HDIDEC6IG>JB$:BJ9>6C?:?6@G69>D6@I>;I:GH:7JI9>GJCJI9:C<6CB:C<<JC6@6CE:C8686= :><:G%:I6@E:CN:BE>I6CE:B7JAJ=96G6=9>IJC?J@@6C9:C<6CI:G=:CI>CN66A>G6CC6IG>JB,:A6>C9><JC6@6CJCIJ@B:C9>6<CDH>HE:CN6@>IG69>D>HDIDE?J<69><JC6@6CJCIJ@I:G6E>G69>6H>-:G6E>G69>6H>696A6=86G6E:C<D76I6C9:C<6CB:B6@6>G69>6H>-:G6E>H:E:GI>>C>7>6H6CN69><JC6@6C96A6BE:C<D76I6C@6C@:G):B7:G>6CI:G6E>96E6IB:CN:B7J=@6CB:C<JG6C<><:?6A66I6JB:C8:<6=E:CN:76G6C@6C@:G7:G<6CIJC<E696?:C>H96CHI69>JB@6C@:G * + '" ,%. *#-1-%/ $',:A6>C96A6B7>96C<7>96C<N6C<I:A6=9>H:7JI@6C9>6I6HG69>D>HDIDE?J<69><JC6@6CJCIJ@B:C:CIJ@6CJBJG76IJ6C;DH>A96C7:C967:C96EJG76@6A6):C:CIJ6CJBJGB:B>A>@>E:G6C6CE:CI>C<6CI6G6A6>CJCIJ@B:C<:I6=J>JBJG;DH>A96G>B6H6G>7J6CI6=JCN6C<A6AJ.CIJ@B:C:CIJ@6CJBJG;DH>A9><JC6@6CG69>D>HDIDE@6G7DC N6C<7>6H69>H:7JIG69>D@6G7DCKedua tangan ini memegangsebongkah uranium–235. Isotop dariuranium yang digunakan sebagaibahan dalam reaktor nuklir. Uraniummerupakan salah satu logam berat,sebongkah kecil uranium inimassanya 4,5 kg dan harganya lebihdari 200.000 dolar. Sebelummemegang uranium, tangan harusdilindungi dengan sarung tangankhusus.This two hand hold a slab ofUranium-235. It is uranium isotopused as material in nuclear reactor.Uranium is one of the heavy metal,that small uranium slab weights 4,5kg and the price is more than 200.000dollars. Before holding uranium,hands must be covered by a specialhandgloves.Informasiuntuk AndaTugas Anda 10.3Carilah foto-foto tentang kondisikota dan warga Hiroshima danNagasaki setelah pengeboman olehAmerika Serikat. Diskusikanlahbersama teman sekelas Andatentang dampak negatif bom atom.Diskusikan juga apakah ada dampakpositif dari bom atom.Information for You
Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII282"HDIDE@6G7DC6A6B>6==6CN6B:B>A>@>CDBDGB6HH66IDB I:I6E>G69>D@6G7DCB:B>A>@>CDBDGB6HH6 "HDIDE>C>I:G7:CIJ@9>6A6BE696A6E>H6C6IBDH;:GJB>76<>6C6I6H,>C6G@DHB>@96G>6C<@6H6AJ6GB:C67G6@6IDB6IDB9>6IBDH;:G76<>6C6I6H@>76ICN66@6CI:G7:76H@6C:A:@IGDCEGDIDCC:JIGDC96CE6GI>@:AA6>C#>@66IDBC>IGD<:CB:C6C<@6EC:JIGDC>IJ6IDBC>IGD<:C6@6C7:GJ76=B:C?69>6IDB H6B7>AB:A:E6H@6CEGDIDC+69>D@6G7DC>C>7:G6969>6IBDH;:GH:76<6>@6G7DC9>D@H>96 DIDH>CI:H>HB:CN:767@6C B6HJ@@:96A6BIJB7J=6CH:=>C<<6E6966@=>GCN6H:AJGJ=B6@=AJ@=>9JE6@6CB:C<6C9JC<G69>D@6G7DC,:A6>CI:GJHB:C:GJHI:G7:CIJ@ ?J<66@6CI:GJHB:C:GJHB:C<=>A6C<@6G:C6B:AJGJ= 6A6BB6@=AJ@=>9JEN6C<HJ96=B6I>@696GG69>D@6G7DC6@6C7:G@JG6C<I:GJH@6G:C6B:AJGJ=,:I>6E
I6=JC6IDB6IDBG69>D@6G7DC>IJI>C<<6AH:E6GJ=$:CN6I66C>C>B:GJE6@6C96H6GE:C:I6E6CJBJG;DH>AN6C<E:GI6B6@6A>9>@:B76C<@6CDA:= '** /"' 5E696 6C DCID=E:C6C<<6A6C9:C<6CB:C<<JC6@6C>HDIDE@6G7DC696A6=E:C6C<<6A6CJH>6H:7J6=<JAJC<6CE:G@6B:CN6C<9>I:BJ@6C9>H:7J6=<J69>%6JI&6I>Gambar 10.29Magnetic Resonance ImagingGambar 10.30Karbon dapat digunakanuntuk menentukan usiasebuah gulungan perkamenyang ditemukan di sebuahgua di Laut Mati.):GC6=@6=C96B:C9:C<6G6I6JB:B7686I:CI6C<
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Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XII306Daftar PustakaAllonso, M. dan Finn. 1980. Fundamental Physics, Vol 1and 2. New York: Addision-Wesley Publishing Company Inc.Beiser, Arthur. 1983. Konsep Fisika Modern, Edisi Ketiga. Jakarta Pusat: Erlangga.Biryam, M. 1992. Hukum-Hukum Kekekalan dalam Mekanika. Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.Bueche, Fredrick. 1982. Introduction to Physics for Scientist and Insights. New York: Grow Hill Book Company Inc.Dorling Kindsley. 1995. Jendela IPTEK, seri 1–4. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.Giancoli, Douglas C. 2000. Physics, 3th Edition. USA: PrenticeHall International.Grolier International Inc. 1995. Oxford Ensiklopedi Pelajar. Jakarta: Widyadara.Haliday, D, R. Resnick, J. Waker. 2001. Fundamental of Physics Sixth Edition. USA: John Willey and Sons Inc.Harsanto. 1980. Motor Bakar. Jakarta: Djambatan.Hermawan Edi. 2004. Radar Atmosfer Khatulistiwa. Surakarta: Pabelan.Hewwit, Paul G. 1993. Conceptual Physics, 6th Edition. USA: Harper Collins College Publisher.Hewwit, Paul G. 1998. Conceptual Physics, 8th Edition. USA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company Inc.Jones, Edwin R. dan Richard L. Childers. 1993. Contemporary College Physics. USA: Addison-Wesley PublishingCompany, Inc.Sears, F.W. et.al. 1993. University Physics. USA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company Inc.Tipler, Paul. 1998. Fisika untuk Sains dan Teknik, Jilid 1 (alih bahasa: Prasetyo dan Rahmad W. Adi). Jakarta: Erlangga.Tipler, Paul. 2001. Fisika untuk Sains dan Teknik, Jilid 2 (alih bahasa: Bambang Soegijono). Jakarta: Erlangga.Warlijo, Liek. 2003. Kamus Fisika, Cetakan Kedua. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.
ISBN 978-979-068-816-2 (No. Jilid lengkap)ISBN 978-979-068-931-2Harga Eceran Tertinggi (HET) Rp.19.502,-PUSAT PERBUKUANDepartemen Pendidikan Nasional